Life in Madinah of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) Essay

The first significant event after the migration of Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was the construction of the mosque of the Prophet. It not only acted as a spiritual centre for worship, but also the political and military headquarters for the new state. It soon developed into an institute of learning where discussions and seminars were held. A social institution where Muslims learnt and practiced discipline, unity and brotherhood. The land on which the mosque was build was bought from two orphan brothers. The Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) and many other prophets themselves worked hard to construct the mosque. This mosque was known as â€Å"Mosque of the Prophet† or Masjid-e-Nabawi. To this Quran says in Surah-At- Tawbah: â€Å"—, a mosque founded on righteousness from the first day is more worthy for you to stand in. Within it are men who love to purify themselves; and Allah loves those who purify themselves.† (9:108) Walls of the mosque were made of unbaked bricks. The roof was of mud and date palm leaves and the trunks of date palm trees were used for pillars. A large platform with a thatched roof, was built in one of the corners of the mosque. This was known as Suffah. Azan In order to call believers of Islam to mosques, the system of calling Azan was introduced. Hazrat Bilal (R.A) was appointed as the Muezzin. Arrangements for the inhabitants of Madinah People of Madinah belonged to two categories; Ansars (Madinites) and Muhajirin (Makkans). Even the richest emigrants were now poor as they had left their belongings in Makkah during the hijrat. The people who belonged to Madinah promised to help Muhajirs. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) established brotherhood between these two groups of Muslims. The Ansars happily agreed to help the Muhajirs and they took them to their homes, took care of them and shared all of their possessions with them. The Holy Quran mentions this in these words: â€Å"Those who and adopted exile, and fought for the faith, with their property and their persons, in the cause of Allah, as well as those  who gave (them) asylum and aid, these are (all) friends and protectors, one of another.† (8:72) The emigrants and their hosts were united into a bond of brotherhood, which proved, in practice, to be stronger than real brotherhood. Even the enmity between two tribes of Madinah, Aus and Khazraj was forgotten, as mentioned in the Holy Quran: â€Å"†¦ And remember with gratitude Allah’s favour on you; for ye were enemies and He joined your hearts in love, so that by His grace, ye became brethren†¦. (3:103) Treaty with the Jews: (Charter of Madinah) There were three main tribes of Jews: Banu Qainuqa, Banu Nazi and Banu Quraiza, settled in the suburbs of Madinah in their own strong fortresses. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) realised that the foundation of Islam would be very weak unless it was based upon the support of all the people living in Madinah. The situation call for a strong measure of co-ordination and adjustment, particularly as the Muslims were seriously threatened by the Quraish. Therefore, as soon as the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was settled in Madinah, he called together the Muslims and the Jewish tribes for consultation.

Personal Navigation Devices

Why have Personal Navigation Devices become popular? Personal navigation devices have become so popular because some people get tired of getting lost while driving, are not proficient at reading road maps, don’t always have a navigating passenger in their car that can tell them when they have to turn, and don’t have access to a plethora of needed maps in their car. Personal navigation devices are an answer to these problems. What technologies are required to facilitate the success of PNDs? The Global Positioning System, which consists of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth, is what personal navigation devices work off of.All these satellites have atomic clocks incorporated within them to ensure accurate time keeping. Each satellite constantly sends the time and their location. The personal navigation device has a receiver that decodes the signals, a processor that uses a trilateration algorithm to calculate the location, internally stored maps that the location is compared to and a display screen for the user to see. Who are some of the leaders in PNDs? What are the likely factors that will contribute to winning in this marketplace? Some of the most popular leaders in PND are Garmin, Magellan, TomTom, and Motorola.The biggest factor that will contribute to winning the marketplace is the extra features and accessories it can offer. Some of these are music player, real-time weather and traffic data, real time lowest gas price locator, and driving feedback based on acceleration, braking and speeds. The biggest competitor to the above companies is the smartphone. Some of the above companies have tried to create them with limited success. The advantage to smartphones is that the more things something does, the desirable it is. What will be a likely future for PNDs?In order for PNDs to compete with smartphones, they’re going to need to incorporate the features that users like from smartphones. The biggest advantages PNDs have over smartphones is tha t when you commit the smartphone to navigation, you’re taking away your entertainment and communication abilities. You can’t navigate with a smartphone and talk to someone on it at the same time. One of the features a smartphone’s navigation has that PNDs don’t is a voice recognition system where all you have to say is â€Å"go to 123 Fake Street†.A GPS’s touch screen is good but will be problematic while driving when you need to pay attention to the road. A feature that some alarm clocks have is the ability to project the time image onto the ceiling. One thing a GPS feature could have is dedicating a section of the windshield to shine navigation information onto it. This information can be seen through it as long as the driver doesn’t focus on it. In some States like Minnesota, it’s illegal to mount a GPS on the windshield so drivers have to continuously look down. Personal Navigation Devices Why have Personal Navigation Devices become popular? Personal navigation devices have become so popular because some people get tired of getting lost while driving, are not proficient at reading road maps, don’t always have a navigating passenger in their car that can tell them when they have to turn, and don’t have access to a plethora of needed maps in their car. Personal navigation devices are an answer to these problems. What technologies are required to facilitate the success of PNDs? The Global Positioning System, which consists of 24 satellites orbiting the Earth, is what personal navigation devices work off of.All these satellites have atomic clocks incorporated within them to ensure accurate time keeping. Each satellite constantly sends the time and their location. The personal navigation device has a receiver that decodes the signals, a processor that uses a trilateration algorithm to calculate the location, internally stored maps that the location is compared to and a display screen for the user to see. Who are some of the leaders in PNDs? What are the likely factors that will contribute to winning in this marketplace? Some of the most popular leaders in PND are Garmin, Magellan, TomTom, and Motorola.The biggest factor that will contribute to winning the marketplace is the extra features and accessories it can offer. Some of these are music player, real-time weather and traffic data, real time lowest gas price locator, and driving feedback based on acceleration, braking and speeds. The biggest competitor to the above companies is the smartphone. Some of the above companies have tried to create them with limited success. The advantage to smartphones is that the more things something does, the desirable it is. What will be a likely future for PNDs?In order for PNDs to compete with smartphones, they’re going to need to incorporate the features that users like from smartphones. The biggest advantages PNDs have over smartphones is tha t when you commit the smartphone to navigation, you’re taking away your entertainment and communication abilities. You can’t navigate with a smartphone and talk to someone on it at the same time. One of the features a smartphone’s navigation has that PNDs don’t is a voice recognition system where all you have to say is â€Å"go to 123 Fake Street†.A GPS’s touch screen is good but will be problematic while driving when you need to pay attention to the road. A feature that some alarm clocks have is the ability to project the time image onto the ceiling. One thing a GPS feature could have is dedicating a section of the windshield to shine navigation information onto it. This information can be seen through it as long as the driver doesn’t focus on it. In some States like Minnesota, it’s illegal to mount a GPS on the windshield so drivers have to continuously look down.

Department of Peace Essay

1 Internet is always been a source of information. With just one click, all the information you want to know is right in front of your eyes. It always caters to different topics such as: academics, religion, sports, entertainment and even politics. Today, there is probably hundreds of website that discuss about politics and their relevance to national issues. Such website provides information on what they do and on what they will do in the future. A site of the â€Å"U. S. Department of Defense† provides information that caters the entire American citizen. It allows every concern people to have an access or information regarding the department of U. S. defense. Also, the site enables its reader to have an idea or knowledge about the service that the government is doing for them. It provides different links as to explain everything that the defense is responsible of and to give its readers a chance to understand clearly its purpose. The site actually convinces its readers that the U. S. Department of defense’s main goal is to protect the countrymen. Definitely, the site is successful in inducing the citizen to join and unite as one for peace and humanitarian services through the information they have provided. The site was able to affirm that it is there duty to serve and defend the American people whether saving lives or spreading peace in the community. The values are still in tack and the need to share all the information was manifested clearly in the site. They do not only provide the purpose, mission and vision of the department but they have successfully managed to disseminate information through the site. The U. S. Department of Defense official site is convincing primarily because it showed what the people would want to know. Amidst politics intrigues, the department remains stand still and still uphold to its virtues. The use of this site for understanding the duties and responsibilities of the department gives its reader the capacity to make good judgment and to support the department’s mission and vision. Indeed, the site provided by the U. S. department of defense is capable of persuasion because of its plain and truthful explanation of its purpose and of its current activities that is for the betterment of the country. 2 Another site is the â€Å"U. S. Department of Peace† that also caters for the American people. While the department of defense serves for defending its countrymen and for building peace, the U. S. Department of Peace develops programs and campaigns as to promote peace and for national interest. There main goal is to â€Å"take the field of peace building from the margins of the political† and hopefully, bring it to a better place. They intend to apply peace building as to lessen all the conflicts before it gets even worse. The site also provides ample information regarding the association from its mission, vision, goal and their current focus today. The site indicated that the association is not just about the politics but mainly it’s about the effective and practical way in promoting and developing peace. In the site, they’ve explained that the U. S. department of peace is an association that encourages citizen activist to join in building peace for a prosperous nation. Their intention as a peace alliance is well explained in the site because they have indicated their campaigns, programs and activities. Their means of persuading its readers is credible because they have explained point by point their mission and their plans. At first visit to the site, you’ll automatically recognize that they encourage everyone to subscribe holiday cards and at the same time support the work of the peace alliance. In that way, they encourage the readers to support their campaign and offer them such good card. The use of this technique is probably a best way to encourage people since holidays is fast approaching. Nonetheless, the U. S. department of peace is an association that continue to grow as they progress and plan campaigns. Through the help of volunteers and activist, they continue to develop and put into works all of the association’s plan and goal. The use of the internet to promote the association is one of the best way to explain their purpose as an association and as well as to have a discussion board to all the concern people and to those who wanted to support. Indeed, the site also provided the necessary information and they were able to persuade its readers through their truthful agenda and well explained purpose. 3 A related site entitled â€Å"U. S. Peace Government† is about preventing war and terrorism and promotes peace. The site is for promoting peace and establishes peace-creating groups for the nation and other states. The U. S. peace government is pro-peace and in the site they clearly illustrated their purpose. The peace government is composed of hundreds of American scientist and researchers in medical field. These scientist and experts are capable of strong commitment in terms of leading the nation to peaceful direction. The site also includes the introduction of different programs for developing peace. Their ways of promoting peace in its realistic ways is explained in the site. The main purpose of the site is to share to its reader the possible effect of permanent peace if they developed their programs. Their goal as an organization is very simple and they need not to compete with existing governments but instead they will try to prevent problems from occurring. Upon reading the site, you’ll notice that it is trying to persuade its readers by laying all the facts and there agenda as an organization. Their way of imparting information to its readers is clearly manifested in the site. It also includes their stand and perceptions on the current issues that the government is experiencing now. As said, they are not merely a â€Å"policy think tank† but they will contribute to the development of peace in the country. The site has transformed the association’s mission into a realistic way because they put more information about their goal rather than discussing about other matters. They intend to spread peace all over the nation and lessen the conflict. Indeed, the association has come along way in promoting their mission because there is improvement in the nation. 4 â€Å"Daily Kos† is an on-line blog that tackles about the political issues that the present administration is facing now. Contrary to the previous site that was discuss, Daily Kos is far from what those site is all about. The blog talks about the opinions and the suggestions of different writers who share their thoughts fearlessly without hesitations and doubts. The blog define the very essence of being an opposition and the articles talks about the â€Å"what should the government do† instead of some other not so important matters. The writers of the said blog discussed point by point their stand regarding all the current issues. While they cited all their grievances, there is also a link where you can comment and side your side. The blog indicates their own perception according to their virtues and they are not persuaded by the current government. They stand on their own, believing that the government should improve and most of all focus on other important issues. The blog is not actually pro-peace because instead of delivering good feedbacks for the government, they criticize and find fault in the current administration. With their writings, they manifested the idea of a conflict between the government and its people. Nonetheless, we are all entitled for our freedom of speech and the liberation to address our concerns. We cannot deny the fact that there are disagreements and probably arguments that is widely expressed by people all over the nation not just in the internet. Now if you’re for pro-peace, you’ll not be able to be persuaded by the ideas and opinions of the blog’s writers but instead you’ll end up switching or finding another blog that tackles about peace and promoting it. On the positive side, the blog just shared their insights and probably their way of solving the problems that they think is more practical. The better thing to do is to also get the side of the government and let them take their part in explaining to the people the real agenda and their plans for the government in improving peace and not war. Works Cited â€Å"U. S. Department of Defense. † 2007. 21 November 2007 http://www. defenselink. mil â€Å"The Peace Alliance Campaign to Establish a U. S. Department of Peace. † 2007. 21 November 2007 http://www. thepeacealliance. org â€Å"The U. S. Peace Government. † 2007. 21 November 2007 http://uspeacegovernment. org â€Å"Daily Kos. † 20 November 2007. 21 November 2007 http://www. dailykos. com.

Pollution Control Measures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pollution Control Measures - Essay Example Consequently, this paper explores the merits of the three pollution control measures to establish the optimal pollution control measure that should be adopted by the countries. Discussion Benefits and marginal costs are compared to establish the amount of pollution that should be accepted in society. This is called the optimal pollution level, where the marginal social costs and marginal social benefits are equal. Similarly, the marginal cost of pollution damage and the marginal cost of pollution control are compared to establish when pollution control measures should be employed. Under this concept, pollution should be reduced if the benefits gained are higher than the control costs (Hoel, 1998). This is as demonstrated in the graphical representation below on the marginal cost of pollution damage versus the marginal cost of pollution control. Qmax in the graph above shows the maximum level of pollution that is expected when pollution control measures are not employed. Thus, the pol lution amount will drop from Qmax when the control policies are introduced in the market. On the other hand, MCD is the marginal cost of damage that is caused by pollution emissions. Similarly, MCC is the marginal cost of control that has the tendency of rising as the levels of pollution fall (Hoel, 1998). The optimal control level is represented by the Q* in the graph, where the MCD and MCC are equal. This is the level at which the pollution control cannot be exceeded since the benefits will be less than the marginal cost of undertaking the pollution control measure. This practice of balancing the marginal cost and benefit is known as the equimarginal principle (Hoel, 1998). Legal regulation is one of the pollution control measures employed by government agencies, which involves setting the emission standards for specific products or industries under the legislative guideline. The major advantage of legal regulation is that it specifies results compared to other control measures (W eyzig, 2009). Thus, it is possible to ensure that producers do not allow a risky level of pollutants. However, this control measure has the potential of experiencing inflexibility when the economic players are required to meet the same standard. This can only work where activities polluting the environment are same. Consequently, pollution tax is effective in an industry that has numerous and different plants. This will involve charging the plants by per unit of emission they make in their production activities. Taxation will be effective in controlling the level of emission since the plants operating in the market will consider reducing the pollution level provided the marginal cost is lower compared to the tax (Tucker, 2011). Under the taxation control measure, the Qmax of pollution before the pollution control measures are introduced will shift to Q1, as reflected in the graph below, when a pollution tax of T1 is introduced. This is because the manufacturers in the market will pr efer to lower their pollution level by undergoing a cost E shown in the graph, instead of paying a tax that is equal to F + E for these units as reflected in the graph above (Tucker, 2011). In addition, the manufacturers will be forced to pay a charge equivalent to B + D for the pollution level of Q1 they cause. This cost is lower than B+ D – E+ F that they will be required to pay if they do not reduce their pollution l

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW PRESENTATION PowerPoint

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS LAW - PowerPoint Presentation Example It was a major set back to our organization. Luckily, there was no human loss but the material loss was huge. Another major development was the collapse of Indonesian Rupiah which sent the economy into a tailspin. So for our organization, there were major setbacks like only two more studios were in the working condition, employees were scared to come for work, Rupiah had no value, Transportation system had collapsed. The share holders wanted to shift to a new place. But we held to the ground that our employees who had been trained were here. We had to develop even further relationships within the community to harmonize the relationships. Rather following a punishing approach, we took up a more active societal role which was very effective. A long run plan was developed to improve the living condition of the people. With the new government in place, everybody was optimistic. The new government also setup a proglobalisation climate which was very useful for companies like us. Export regulations were eased and restrictions were removed. In this scenario, the effect of Globalution was that there The dependability and the trustworthiness was lost. These effects of Globulation was overcome over a period of time by being committed to our mission. So we continued doing that with more commitment building trust and harmonious relationships with the community. 3. AVERAGE/MOST LIKELY SCENARIO For my company, we have both benefited from globalization and globalution. Because of globalization we are able to market our batiks across the world. Europe being our major market. we have now 7 batik workshops to cater to the tastes of the western customers. The batik cloth is designed for making various garments according to the western fashion trends. We are in the process of achieving our Lexus type desire by having the modern management techniques and cost control and the olive tree need is satisfied by holding to our traditional intricate designs. The creative team travels to remote areas of various islands across the archipelago to collect native designs. also there is an increased desire among the Indonesians to dress up in batiks even for work, the olive tree symbolization. So the local demand and the international demand for our products have increased. 4. ENTREPRENEURSHIP/BEST-CASE SCENARIO In 2004 our company designs won the best Design award in Milan. Our designs were motivated by ethnic creativity. After the announcement of the award, we got recognition and attention from various institutions within the country and across the world. We got German funding of USD 2 million to set up new batik garment factory. The batik cloth produced in our studios will be made into garments in our garment division. For that we had to have international fashion designers who could use batik materials to make trendy dresses instead of just the traditional sarongs and shirts. In a country with the average family income less than USD 200 p.m, it is a great advantage to the community and the country at large. Because of globalization many doors have been opened to us. Also because of globalution, there is an increased realization among the Indonesians and the government to focus on our strengths and to

Gold Rush - Different Racial Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gold Rush - Different Racial Groups - Essay Example by white, non-English-speaking Europeans, and then, in a descending order, men and women whose skin became progressively darker and habits progressively different from the white man’s: the Mexicans, the Indians, the Chinese. Without much thought or effort on their part, Anglo men established their dominance over California by systematically asserting themselves over others. Of course, the major motivation of those in California at this time was the desire to strike it rich. Although some people did just this, there was only a finite amount of wealth to be uncovered, leaving most men few options for increasing their status. Racism, codifying the differences between themselves and others, was one way to raise perceived power in a landscape where men were often at odds with, and at the mercy of, an environment over which they had very little control. Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush by Susan Lee Johnson, demonstrates how life was different for white men, and how they acted to maintain their superiority in California. Theirs was a world where status had already been shaken up. Due to the scarcity of white women and the need for some means of support, many men found themselves employed in positions that back east would only have gone to girls. They eased the stigma of such labor by assuring themselves that such work was still manly, and by setting themselves above those of other races and cultures. They categorized the French as â€Å"dainty (small, little, diminutive)† (Johnson 118). Mexican men were seen as â€Å"‘lazy Greasers’ in ‘dirty Zerapes’† (Johnson 123) while Mexican women existed solely for the purpose of cooking and being ogled. Native Americans were afforded even less respect, and white men could murder them with impunity, with their killers â€Å"posing as heroes† (Bibby 54). â€Å"Systematic harassment† (Johnson 125) of the Chinese forced some men out of the mines, where white men wanted to work. Language was an

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) - Essay Example Further, with the 16-detector row CT (16D-CT), the spatial resolution increased and the contrast medium efficiency improved. Finally, with the 64-detector row CT (64D-CT) scanner, a true isotropic high spatial resolution of the entire volume was possible. Thus, the multi-detector row CT angiography (MDCTA) has developed as an accurate method in assessing the peripheral arteries. Clinical history This is the clinical history of a 70-year old man who presented in the hospital with symptoms of pain in the calf muscle with walking that was relieved with rest. He also gave a history of diabetes and hypertension for the past 25 years. Although he was taking medication for both diabetes and hypertension, it was poorly controlled. Blood analysis revealed an elevated fasting and postprandial sugar values. Physical examination revealed an elevated blood pressure measurement. Examination of the feet revealed distal hair loss, trophic skin changes and hypertrophic nails. There was ulceration in the heel. Social history revealed that he was a chronic smoker for the past 30 years and had a sedentary lifestyle. His physician advised him to undergo a CT angiography and he presented in the radiology department for the same. Pathology Atherosclerosis, which primarily is a systemic inflammatory process, is the most common cause of PAD. Histopathologically, an atherosclerotic lesion is initiated with the appearance of fatty streaks, which initiates an inflammatory process. This promotes the deposition of cholesterol, and finally, plaque buildup (Garcia 2006). Plaque is made up of fat, fibrin, cellular waste products, cholesterol and calcium.

Are Viruses Considered To Be Living Organisms Essay

Are Viruses Considered To Be Living Organisms - Essay Example In 1876, even though the nature of virus was not recognized at the time, yet, it was anticipated that the number of species of virus are greater than that of all other living things put together. Viruses are parasites as they can’t nurture themselves and require a host cell for nutrition, growth and reproduction. All viruses are harmful; in fact their capability to operate as ‘mobile genes’ is considered to have inclined the hereditary make-up and development of higher living beings. Indeed their similarity to the genetic material of higher organisms that can move from one genetic material to another can be considered to be as evidence of their beginning. Nowadays, many experts consider that viruses have been descended from bacterial plasmids (small package of genes residing on the outer side of the chromosomes of bacteria and have the ability to transfer from one bacterium to another). Viruses are not similar to human or bacterial cells. They are tiny creatures t hat can’t be seen with a normal light microscope. Their size is said to be of only one-millionth part of an inch. Viruses may even infect bacteria to reproduce themselves; the Bacteriophage virus for example requires bacteria for the completion of its life cycle. Once infected, the host cell stops its functioning rather starts serving the viral requirements resulting in the onset of infection to the host (Holzenburg and Bogner, 2002). Viral Structure A virus mainly consists of three parts. 1. Capsid – It is a protein coat that environs the nucleic acid to protect it. 2. Nucleic acid – It is the basic genetic material; either RNA or DNA that grasps all the data for the virus and contrast each virus from another. 3. Envelope – It is a lipid membrane that envelops the capsid (protein coat). However, it is not present in all viruses. Those viruses that possess envelop are said to be enveloped viruses while those that lack it are called naked viruses. Fig1. Ch aracteristic Viral Structure Lytic cycle The lytic cycle which represents the life cycle of virus involves six basic steps 1. Adsorption as the virus gets attached to the host cell. 2. Entry: The attached virus then penetrates the cell by injecting its genetic instructions (RNA or DNA) into the cytoplasm of the host cell. 3. Transcription: The injected viral genetic material takes control of the host cell’s nucleus and starts directing the enzymes of the host. 4. Replication: Fragments of new viruses are made using particular enzymes. 5. Assembly: The fragments formed are then assembled to form new viruses. 6. Release: The novel viruses destroy the host cell and burst out to attack new host cells and continue this cycle. Virus Non Living or Living? Viruses are usually kept on the borderline between living and non living beings. Some features of viruses make them considered as living beings while other lead to the development of opinion of considering them as non living. Virus es are regarded as living on the basis of their proposed evolution via natural selection and ability to reproduce themselves. Viruses can be regarded non living as they are acellular and require a host to perform its metabolic and reproductive activities. Viruses are convoluted assemblage of molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, but unable to do anything on their own until they penetrate the host cell. The

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Discussion Questions - Essay Example seven general principles applied by Steve Jobs which resembles the innovation and creativity are do things which people love, aspire which can help to change the world, reset brain, sell dreams to people, neglect unnecessary, create insanely and finally mastering the way of delivering message to the customers. Thomas Edison is another creative thinker. Thomas Edison is regarded as the most famous inventor and creative. Ideas of Thomas Edison on application of creativity and innovation are to focus on creative mind power and work on the ideas which have been previously worked by others. Something that occurs within the organization is referred to as internal driver of innovation. The forces outside the organization motivate and enables Company to trigger the mode of innovation for betterment is knows as external forces of innovation (Luke, 2013). External factors are changing economy, market, social changes, government policy, new trend, introduction of new technology. Internal driver of innovation is cost reduction, new product, changes in structure of organization, advance level of technology and innovation camps for brainstorming. The application of innovation is done by companies by reinventing the core business process. Effective organizational structure, ethical cultural background and processes that are designed in an organization can lead to innovation. These divers are applied in an organization by maintaining effective workplace and installing collaboration and partnering in business organization. There is no specific instance for production of positive result. The implementation of innovation in organization can produce result by the help of trial and error experiment. The active implementation of vision and strategy can help to produce positive result. The introduction of new services, products and technologies in an organization to gain competitive advantage over other competitors

I'll attach it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

I'll attach it - Essay Example The site also offers its visitors the option of a search for specific spams they might want to know and learn about. E-mail scams are unsolicited emails which claim the idea of a bargain or an offer for nothing. Email scams can invite unknowing victims to websites that contain detailed pitch too. Email-scams may take the form of urban legends or identity theft. Urban legend refer to stories that are either funny and/or contain horrifying content that may or may not be true. Such stories spread quickly and come in various forms (Scambusters). Often, email urban legends usually ask their recipients to forward the email to everyone they know. This, in fact, is one of the signs to know that is a false urban legend in one’s email ox. Scambusters.org through their subscription makes individuals aware of such urban legends. Scambusters.org through their urban legends and hoaxes resource centers makes one aware on whether such popular emails are true. Scambusters.org even provides a list and example of popular email hoaxes and urban legends. Scambusters.org notes identity theft as the fastest growi ng crime. Identity theft has taken the first position in Scambusters.org list of the worst internet scams. The site offers articles to prevent and recover from identity theft. Scambusters.org encourages people to get educated, be cautious, be secure, be vigilant and get help as the five keys to avoiding internet scam. Individuals should learn from available online resources on current risks. Individuals should be cautious when giving personal data online, and to whom they are giving it to. People should also regularly update their security software on their personal computers. Individuals should be vigilant by keenly monitoring what happens to their account by closely looking at online and paper statements. Individuals can also seek for professional help in regard to latest

The Google Story Book Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Google Story Book Report - Essay Example With fascinating characters like Larry Page and Sergey Brin and CEO Eric Schmidt, one is bound to turn the pages of this book and fast. My personal favourite among these characters presented by the authors is Larry Page for his sense of wit more than anything else. Also, he has shown immense perspective where thinking out of the box and having tremendous foresight is concerned. With his characteristic quiet sense of humour he is a man who makes things happen. Unassuming as he comes across, he has been hailed as a hero by many. As an example, this hero celebrated the first check earned for Google by having breakfast with his partner at Burger King! (Vise et al, 2006) This might also be due to the fact that he is the precursor of the social movement created by Google which brings people and information within close proximity of each other. The Google story, has a vast story board set across a plethora of settings and shaped with tons of research. This is apparent in the details presented in the book. Also, there is a strong personal and human touch to the story and the way it has been told, a style that is a welcome departure from the typical academic format followed by most writers of such subjects. This makes the book all the more hard hitting. In this regard, I will seek to examine various elements that are most relevant in today's dynamic environment and pace of life. The first of these elements is management style. Google, as a company and a global brand, has a flexible management style where every employee is an individual resource. Also, this company is adaptive in its style and its management is one that focuses on an investigative approach to each problem. Further, its management style is one that demonstrates a vast representation of the countries it operates in, where work culture is concerned. (Vise et al, 2006) Google has set new standards in unique management styles by showing how each company needs to tap into the personal goals of its employees to create and maintain a distinctive style that will contribute to the same and help integrate the organization's goals with those of the individuals working within. In this regard, Google's management style is one that is forward looking and based in results and employee satisfaction. It has a strong nexus with the humanitarian approach to all problems, which makes it all the more enjoyable to work here and be a part of the Google team. Also, the fact that it is very informal and effortless in its approach to everyday operations, makes it all the more easier to relate with Google at a personal level. Globalization is another element that contributes to the basic image of Google. As a company that has a specific set of services and virtual products as far as global outreach is concerned, Google has ushered in an era of vast information and knowledge management. Therefore, globalization has been Google's middle name and this has been thoroughly examined in the book by Vise and Malseed. Google has helped shape the global cultural industry with its services like Orkut, which

Bronze Age in Ireland Essay Example for Free

Bronze Age in Ireland Essay The arrival of the Bronze Age in Ireland was a gradual process, as there is no sharp division between the last Stone Age and the early Bronze Age. The Bronze Age is broken up into three groups including the Early Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age, and Late Bronze Age. Nevertheless there is a general agreement that the Bronze Age started around 2000 B. C. and lasted until about 500 B. C.  As the era suggests, it was the new metal work technology practiced most effectively by the Beaker people in the north-eastern part of the country that caught the attention and imagination of those with artistic talents. As well as that it was the transition of the use of a different harder heavier metal from stone. Armor, weapons, daggers, and awls area few of the new items produced. The Bronze Age cannot be denied as a time of development. Gold items were also produced however there were mainly for ceremonial or decorative purposes. Silver, copper, and gold of which were the raw materials were all found around Ireland including West Cork, Tipperary, and Wicklow. The knowledge of how to make bronze came to Ireland from Europe. It is made from an alloy of tin and copper. The copper was mined in Ireland, chiefly in county Kerry at Ross Island; however the tin was imported from Britain, which is believed to have been obtained by a trading of gold already available in Ireland. Due to the richness of copper and gold in the country, Ireland had developed great trading power which was most definitely used to its greatest advantage. This is evident because Irish Bronze and gold objects are found in many parts of Western Europe. (Appreciation and history of Art). There are a mass quantity of many spectacular pieces of gold jewelry from this era that has been found over the years however many have been known to been lost or destroyed. The majority being found in bog land. The beginning of this time was more considered a Copper age as it was the main use. But later on, the introduction of tin made it possible to forge better and more sophisticated tools and weapons from the new alloy. However these tools and weapons would have been available to just a few sections of society and this brought about social changes which saw hierarchies established with the ownership and access to the new metal being the overriding factor in where one ranked in this hierarchy.

Legal And Ethical Aspects Of Social Care

Legal And Ethical Aspects Of Social Care This essay will discuss the students role within a residential care home in relation to legal and ethical aspects of health and social care. The essay will be looking at legislation that is in place to protect both the residents and staff of the home which is run for the care of young children. This will also look at values and ethics and why they are important. This will then go on to discuss the students role as a support worker and their duties towards the residents. This essay will also look at ethics and values and how we learn these throughout our lives. Ethics is about making commitment towards positive values to help with the well being of the individuals within the society Warnock (19980) cited in (Banks 2006). Ethics refers to beliefs and value system to moral community, social and professionals groups.   To live in the society and to have flourishing people within the society individuals must have rules and regulations in place so that people can be prevented from any kind of harm and so that they can live a healthy life style. Ethics promotes education and training to assist individuals to develop the skills needed to compete and to achieve the response for moral action. Warnock (19980) cited in (Banks 2006) states that are three types of ethics and these are Metaethics which relates to moral judgement, it comprises of critical and analytical thinking of whether something is good, right or duty. Normative ethics is about morals; it attempts to find answers for problems for example the morally right of action in some cases cou ld be if an individual is a morally good human being or if lying is always wrong.   Descriptive ethics is about individuals moral opinions, beliefs and how people would react with certain issues. For example in Britain people always morally believe that abortion is wrong. Values are about the standards of evil and good and they govern peoples choices and behaviour.   Peoples values are derived from the government and the society Timms (1983) cited in Banks (2006).   Values are mostly used to refer to moral cultural, religion, ideological beliefs, attitudes, political, options and preferences.   Values can be regarded as several types of beliefs that individuals hold about what is valuable or worthy. Giddens (1993) cited in Kirby et al (2000) sates that  values can be seen as a fundamental belief that underpins communities, societies and provide general principle for the human behaviour.   Individuals are socialised through the family, community, peer groups, education and mass media.   According to Giddens (1993) cited in Kirby et al (2000) there are two types of socialisation: primary and secondary socialisation.   Primary socialisation is given to the child from parents, grandparents and siblings.   This involves learning the basics of communication and the language the child is born in.   This is the first stage in a lifelong process and the child is taught the basic norms and values. Secondary socialisation is followed on from primary socialisation and this is given through many multiplicities of agencies that involve in secondary socialisation. This is given through education, religion, mass media, peer groups and books.   Children who are socialised will know how to behave and to interact with people from different backgrounds and will learn to become independent and acquire both personal and social identity.      I do voluntary work at a private residential care home which is not a part of the NHS.   The home provides twenty four hour care for young people.   It also has the facilities for an onsite private school, where the young people are provided with an education according to their ability.   Some of the young people have never been to school or have had a fractured education.   The principle teacher plans lessons for each individual young person and provides one to one to support to help them meet their education requirements so that they can achieve one of the five outcomes of every child matters.   These young people are in residential care due to many different circumstances some have suffered abuse, neglect, behavioural problems, misuse of substances and disadvantaged backgrounds. Ethical issues within a work place come in many different forms.   Banks (2006) identified four types of issues that frequently have resulted in ethical problems or dilemmas.   There are issues on public welfare, issues on individual rights and welfare, issues around relationships, boundaries and professional roles. There are many ethical issues within the residential home. My role as a student support worker is to assist the teacher in preparing and delivering lessons to the young people, as these young people have a history of absconding, vandalising and could harm themselves or others, the home has to ensure they are under strict supervision twenty hours a day. During the week l take the young people for various activities, such as going to the gym, swimming, bowling and shopping so that they are given the opportunity to interact and socialise with other members of their community.     While we were at the gym, one of the service users, who is thirteen years old started a conversation about his personal life.   A service user divulge to me that when he absconds from the residential home he goes to see a young woman and has unprotected sex with her, when I questioned him about how old this young women was, he said fifteen years old, I was shocked to discover this and asked him where her parents were when he goes to see her, he told me that her parents were at work and she is on her own.  Ã‚   The service user then asked me to keep this confidential.   I explained that I could not make this promise, as part of my role was to report concerns to qualified staff, if l discovered information which could be potentially dangerous to a service user or other members of the public (REF job description). Therefore I made him no promise as this was an ethical issue, where both these young people were having unprotected sex and were under age. Miller (2000) argues that it is very important to promote anti-discriminatory practice. The advantages of implementing anti-discriminatory practice would be that staff would be able to work together as a team, communicate with each other, improve their practice, would acknowledge any problems or concerns and would agree with each other on appropriate changes.   Team work can provide opportunities to take collective actions based on consensus.   This will look good and benefit the service users.   However if a practice does not promote anti-discriminatory practice it will suffer lack of support from colleagues or management, lack of interest, resources, time and staff.   If staff is unable to communicate with each other they will not be able to provide a good standard of service and as a result service users can leave the practice and go somewhere else where they would feel they are receiving better service. The residential home promotes anti-discriminatory practice and all th e staff communicates and supports each other, because of this it was not difficult for me to approach my manager about this issue, my manger took immediate action to protect both young people.   She made the young womans parents aware of the issue and then contacted the relevant department and reported this incident and also asked me to update the log book, where everything is logged to keep an up to date record. There are many legislations relating to looked after children.   The residential home has to comply with all of them to ensure that the young people are protected and safeguarded.   The childrens Act (1989) was an act to reform the law relating to children in community homes, voluntary homes, residential care homes or any other organisation. The Care Standard Act (2000) is an act to institute a National care Standards Commissions and it replaces the registered Homes act (1984). The National Minimum Standards for Childrens Homes (2000) are the latest standards that the Childrens home should work towards.   The Childrens Homes regulation Act (2001) is an act where OFSTED observe on how the standards and regulations work together in practice.   The Data protection Act (1998) is an act for the service users so that they safeguard the integrity of the young people, other workers and clients.   The Protection of Children Act (1999) is an Act where everyone who is involved in work ing with the children has to complete a CRB check to ensure that they are the right people and trusted to work with the young service users. The residential home follows a code of conduct (see appendix) where all employees have to follow the rules and regulations accordingly as it is a guidance for safe working practice for adults who work with young people and children distributed by the government. All members of staff and visitors have to adhere to the policy as to ensure that everyones behaviour constitute a safe practice and which behaviours should be avoided. It aims to ensure that the duty of promoting and safeguarding and wellbeing of the young people is achieved. All staff at the home have duty and are accountable for the ways in which they exercise authority, use resources, manage risk, and how to protect young people and children from physical, sexual and emotional harm. All employees must understand the responsibility of their role and be aware that disciplinary action can be taken against them if these provisions are breached. All employees have access to the confidentiality files and can only be shared with other agency when it is in the best interest of the young person. If for any reason things goes wrong or the children make a complaint through advocacy or social workers, the residential home would be accountable to the OFSTED and any further action would be taken from there. The code of conduct sets clear boundaries between the employees and the service users. (See appendix code of conduct) There are many theories based on how a person should act morally. According to Kant (1948) cited in Edwards (2009) Deontological theory emphasis on moral duty. Kant argues that lying is morally wrong. Kant only believes in telling the truth regardless of what the circumstances and consequences are. Whether it makes someone happy or sad, one should not morally lie For example telling a very critical person that he has not long to live, would be the last thing they want to hear, but on the other hand it will give them a chance to do things as informing their member of family about his last wishes. However Mill (1962) cited in Edwards (2009) Utilitarianism theorist disagrees with Kant, as he argues that acts are morally right if by lying you can make someone happy. For example telling someone that a member of their family died peacefully, although he died with a lot of pain, would make them feel a bit better, however if they reveal that he died in a lot of pain and agony can also jeopardise the relationship with the professionals and they would not trust them. This essay has demonstrated how values and ethics are an important part in peoples lives and how individuals are socialised through primary and secondary socialisation. It has also discussed the students role within a residential care setting and how important it is to follow recognised codes of conduct. The issue of reporting moral or ethical issues, respecting all individuals and maintaining confidentiality at all times has also been addressed. This essay has also looked at different theories and how they can contradict each other. It has also looked at legislation that protects the service user and employee. Working in a care profession you must always make sure that every individual is treated with respect and not to make judgements on anyone regarding their backgrounds, sexuality, race, culture.

Alzheimer’s Disease Case Study

Alzheimer’s Disease Case Study B. Trimble Case Study M. T. an 86-year-old Asian male is brought into the geriatric clinic by his daughter because he is becoming more forgetful. The daughter explains that the patient often does not even recognize his own grandson. When asked, however, the patient denies memory impairment. The daughter states that her father has been having trouble for almost four years now. She said she did not realize how much her father had changed until she watched a home video of her father with his grandson from six years ago. â€Å"His personality has even seemed to have changed, said the daughter. M.T. is no longer able to take care of his house and household chores and is sometimes slow to respond to questions. Past Medical History Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) with the last occurrence three years ago. Social History Retired sanitation worker times fifteen years. Lives with his daughter since his wife died five years ago. Previous cigarette smoker quit fifteen years ago. Denies ethyl alcohol (ETOH), and intravenous drug abuse. Family History Father died in combat in Korea Mother died at age 92, unknown cause Medications and allergies NKDA Prevacid 30 mg orally once daily Mylanta 30 ml orally as needed for stomach upset Aspirin EC 81 mg orally once daily Tylenol 325 mg orally as needed for headache Physical Examination General – patient is a thin, pleasant man, with working memory in no acute distress. Vital signs – BP 145/78 , pulse 80 RR 17 , WT 70 kg , Ht 6’2† BMI 19.8 HEENT- Pupils PERLA Ears with cerumen Neck no bruit no JVD Cardiovascular – Normal sinus rhythm, S1 S2, negative for S3/S4, resp RRR Neuro – Aox1 (Oriented to person only), CN – XII – XII intact, reflex normal Abdomen – positive bowel sounds, non-tender, non-distended External – WNL, no clubbing, cyanosis, or edema Laboratory Tests Albumin – (3.6-5 g/dL) 3.6g/dL total protein – (6.3-8.2g/dL) 6.8g/dL Alk Phos – (38-126U/L) 41U/L ALT – (7-58 U/L) 21 U/L AST – (7-58 U/L) 21 U/L bilirubin – (0.2-1.3ug/dL) 0.3ug/dL BUN – (8-25mg/dL) 11mg/dL HgB – (13.2-15.2 g/dL) 13.5g/dL SCr- (0.5-1.4mg/dL) 0.7mg/dL Hct (40-52%) 39% Na+ (134- 146 mEq/dL) 136 mEq/dL Plts – (140-450 mm3) 300,000/mm2 Cl-(98-107mEq/dL) 103 mEq/dL WBC – (4.1-10.9mm3) 8700/mm2 Bicarb – (22-26 mEq/dL) 24 mEq/dL ESR – ( Glucose – (65-110mg/dL) 101mg/dL B12 – (223-1132 pg. /ml) 452pg/ml Ca- (8.9-10.4 mEq/dL) 8.5 mEq/dL folate – (3.6-20ng/dL) 6.4ng/dL Mag – (1.6-2.4mEq/dL)1.9 mEq/dLFTI – (4-11) 6.3 Phos (2.5-4.5 mg/dL) 3.3 mg/dLT3 – (75-220ng/dL) 101ng/dL Cholesterol- (T4 – (4-11mEq/dL) 6.1 mEq/dL TSH – (0.35-6.2 microU/uL) 2.0 micro Unit/uLRPR – non-reactive Radiology Testing CT scan impression mild cortical atrophy Diagnosis Dementia (senile dementia) is a syndrome rather than a distinct disease entity. It is usually progressive and irreversible. It is characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that may include losses of memory, abstract reasoning, judgment, and impulse control, as well as changes in personality. It is usually subtle in onset and often progresses slowly until symptoms are very obvious and profoundly devastating. The three most common dementias are Alzheimer’s disease, multi-infarct dementia, and a mixed Alzheimer’s disease and multi-infarct dementia (Cayton, Graham, Warner, 2004). Alzheimer’s disease is sometimes called primary degenerative dementia or senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. It accounts for at least 80 percent of all the dementias suffered by the elderly (Whalley, Lawrence, Breitner, 2009). It is a progressive, irreversible, degenerative neurologic disease of unknown origin that begins insidiously. The highest incidence is among persons 65 years and older with increasing incidence after age 70. The life expectancy following the diagnosis varies from six to twenty years (Whalley, Lawrence, Breitner, 2009). The etiology of the disease is unknown, but there are specific neuropathologic and biochemical changes. These include neurofibrillary tangles and senile or neuritic plaques. This neuronal damage occurs primarily in the cerebral cortex and results in decreased brain size. These changes are found to a lesser extent in normal brain tissue of older adults. Cells principally affected by this disease are the ones that use the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Biochemically, the enzyme active in producing acetylcholine is decreased. Acetylcholine is specifically involved in memory processing (Whalley, Lawrence, Breitner, 2009). Clinical manifestation Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are highly variable. Early in the disease, forgetfulness and subtle memory loss occur, but the victim has adequate cognitive function to hide the loss. Social skills and behavior patterns remain intact; problems are difficult to detect on casual observation (Cayton, Graham, Warner, 2004). With further progression of the disease there is an inability to conceal the deficits. Forgetfulness is manifested in many daily actions. The victim may lose his way in a familiar environment. He may repeat the same stories because he forgets that he told them. Reasoning and reality orientation by caregivers increase the patient’s anxiety without increasing function, because this is also forgotten (Cayton, Graham, Warner, 2004). Conversations become difficult because the victim forgets what he was about to say or may not be able to remember words. Ability to formulate concepts and think abstractly disappears (Cayton, Graham, Warner, 2004). The person can interpret a proverb only in concrete terms. The victim is often unable to appreciate the consequences of his actions and will therefore exhibit impulsive behavior. He will have difficulty with everyday activities such as working simple appliances and handling money (Cayton, Graham, Warner, 2004). Personality changes are usually negative. The patient may become depressed, suspicious, paranoid, hostile, and even combative (Whalley, Lawrence, Breitner, 2009). Progression of the disease intensifies the symptoms. Speaking skills deteriorate to nonsense syllables; agitation and physical activity increase. A voracious appetite often develops because of the high activity level. The patient may wander at night for hours. Eventually he will need help in all areas of personal care including toileting and eating; dysphagia occurs and incontinence develops. The terminal stage may last for months (Cayton, Graham, Warner, 2004). Treatment Treatment for dementia of the Alzheimer’s type will be Aricept 5 mg once daily at bedtime. After four weeks symptoms will be reviewed, and titration to ten mg once daily may be initiated, depending upon results. Maximum dosage of 23 mg daily if needed after three months of 10-mg treatments (Katzung, Mastes, Trevor, 2012). Follow up in office in four weeks. Discontinued use of Prevacid, as the medication is implicated in low platelet, WBC, HgB and Hct, calcium, and B12 levels (Brunton, Chabner, Knollman, 2011). Follow-up blood work in four weeks, should include CBC with differential, CMP, liver panel, weight, and blood pressure. Patient is borderline hypertensive and increase in fluid volume may correct this issue. Patient should be encouraged to change diet to a high-protein diet with adequate hydration. If platelet count and WBC count continue to be below normal a hematology consult will be discussed. Referral to Alzheimer’s support group will be given to the daughter. References Brunton, L., Chabner, B., Knollman, B. (2011). Goodman Gilmans: The pharmacological basis of therapeutics (12 ed.). McGraw-Hill. Cayton, H., Graham, N., Warner, J. (2004). Dementia: Alzheimers and other dementias: At your fingertips guide (2 ed.). London: Class. Katzung, B., Mastes, S., Trevor, A. (2012). Basic clinical pharmacology (12 ed.). McGraw-Hill. Whalley, L., Lawrence, J., Breitner, J. (2009). Dementia (2 ed.). Health Press.

corporate governance Essay examples -- essays research papers

Corporate governance is a very poorly defined concept; it covers so many different economic issues. It is difficult to give a first class definition in one sentence. Corporate governance has succeeded in attracting a great deal of interests of the public because of its obvious importance for the economic health of corporations and society in general. As a result, different people have come up with different definitions that basically mirror their special interest in the field. It is difficult to see that this 'disorder' will be any different in the future so the best way to define the concept is perhaps to list a few of the different definitions rather than just mentioning one definition. "Corporate governance is a field in economics that investigates how to secure/motivate efficient management of corporations by the use of incentive mechanisms, such as contracts, organizational designs and legislation. This is often limited to the question of improving financial performance, for example, how the corporate owners can secure/motivate that the corporate managers will deliver a competitive rate of return.† www.encycogov.com, Mathiesen [2002]. According to Shleifer and Vishny in The Journal of Finance, â€Å"corporate governance deals with the ways in which suppliers of finance to corporations assure themselves of getting a return on their investment.† J. Wolfensohn, president of the Word bank, quoted by an article in Financial Times in June of 1999 that "corporate governance is about promoting corporate fairness, transparency and accountability." â€Å"Corporate Governance looks at the institutional and policy framework for corporations - from their very beginnings, in entrepreneurship, through their governance structures, company law, privatization, to market exit and insolvency. The integrity of corporations, financial institutions and markets is particularly central to the health of our economies and their stability.† (www.oecd.org) What does this all mean and how does it affect the business world today is what may be asked. Criticism of corporate governance is back with a vengeance in the post-Enron era. Is the entire governance system broken down and in need of change, or was it just the wrong actions of a few people that has led to this new case of critisms? E... ...an Administration are leading the way for reform, which is unusual â€Å"given the typical pro-business sympathies of these groups.† Some people feel that the current governance is working as best it can and that greater regulation will not prohibit the unethical and immoral actions of a few people. However, employees want greater protection. They want to be assured that the rules for selling company stock are not different for top managers that they are for employees. Investors also want to be looked after. They want to be certain that the public information available to them is â€Å"an accurate and fair representation of the company’s financial status.† (Business Week 116) www.encycogov.com. Mathiesen 2000 www.oecd.org. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Building Partnerships for Progress Booker, Katrina. â€Å"Trouble in the Boardroom.† Fortune Magazine. May 13, 2002 Luoma, Patrice. â€Å"Enron and Beyond.† Corporate Self-Governance and the Corporate Checks and Balances System. CCH Incorporated. 2002 â€Å"Corporate Governance: The Road Back.† Business Week. May 6, 2002. p. 116

Data Normalization :: Essays Papers

Data Normalization Data normalization is an important step in any database development process. Through this tedious process a developer can eliminate duplication and develop standards by which all data can be measured. This paper addresses the history and function of data normalization as it applies to the course at hand. In 1970, Dr. E.F. Codd's seminal paper "A Relational Model for Large Shared Databanks" was published in Communications of the ACM. This paper introduced the topic of data normalization, so-named because, at the time, President Nixon was normalizing relations with China. Data normalization is a technique used during logical data modeling to ensure that there is only one way to know a fact, by removing all structures that provide more than one way to know the same fact as represented in a database relation (table). The goal of normalization is to control and eliminate redundancy, and mitigate the effects of modification anomalies -- which are generally insertion and deletion anomalies. (Insertion anomalies occur when the storage of information about one attribute requires additional information about a second attribute. Deletion anomalies occur when the deletion of one fact results in the loss of a second fact). Normalization There are six generally recognized normal forms of a relation: first normal form, second normal form, third normal form, Boyce/Codd normal form, fourth normal form, and fifth normal form, also called projection/join normal form. Other normal forms (e.g., Domain/Key) exist but will not be discussed here. The normal forms are hierarchical, i.e., each normal form builds upon its predecessor. Although many people consider a relation to be normalized only when it is in third normal form, technically speaking, a relation in only first normal form can be considered normalized. The Normal Forms First normal form (1NF) - All attributes must be atomic. That is, there can exist no repeating groups in an attribute. For example, in a relation that describes a student, the student's classes should not be stored in one field, separated by commas. Rather, the classes should be moved to their own relation, which should include a link back to the student relation (called a foreign key). Second normal form (2NF) - A relation is in second normal form if it is in first normal form and each attribute is fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key. That is, no subset of the key can determine an attribute's value. Third normal form (3NF) - A relation is in third normal form if it is in second normal form and each non-key attribute is fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, and not on any other non-key attribute.

Liberalism in Canadian Government Essay -- essays research papers

Liberalism is the best ideology for Canada’s government and is a good combination of both Socialism and Conservatism. Liberalism takes the finer parts from both ideologies to create a better form of government. Canadians now have a choice in which ideology they like better by this compromised form of government. The centre of the spectrum and the equilibrium of government and individual ownership is the definition of Liberalism. A good example of why Liberalism is the number one choice from most Canadians is public and privatized hospitals. Right now, Canada only has public hospitals that are free for everybody in need of medical assistance but require a health care plan. Public hospitals are paid by taxes, just like public education. The only downfall of publicized faculties is that they are normally very crowded, and you cannot always get help as fast. Private hospitals appeal more to people with money. People who are willing to pay the extra couple grand for faster and, some say, of better quality care. Since normally the best doctors would be working in their own pri...

Miss Representation Essay

In the documentary film, â€Å"Miss Representation,† produced by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, 2011, it shows that how the women who are living in the United States are defined by mass media. Image of Women are displaying on a mass media as sex symbol or aid role for the male although women’s life is getting better than before. Moreover, advertisements such as cosmetic and fashion have forced to women severe diet indirectly. Therefore, the documentary film â€Å"Miss Representation† want to not only achieve enhance of women’s role in society but also recover women’s rights through the movie. Actually, I was impressive to women who were arguing in the film because it is different from Asian women who demand their right act. I know that all women did not doing but in Asia, many women demand the women’s right without their effort. Unfortunately, most Asian men are working for aid to women’s satisfaction. For example, men must have own house for marriage and they usually pay for an expensive gift for women’s decoration or anniversary. Many women do not investment for their future; they rely on male just for their convenience. Therefore, many conservative female in Japan do not like this atmosphere which accepted enforcing of women’s right. Moreover, desire of women’s beauty has caused inaccurately advertisement. Many women consume their popularity. In contrast, men do not buy useless cosmetic for their masculine. When the documentary film was finished, I agree that fairness of sexes have to equal. But I do not agree with exaggerated requirement. If men have to pay all things for women, is that valuable to requirement of women? I think their requirements should be acceptable when they have qualification for women’s rights. Of course Men should considerate for women, but women also should not act excessively for their objective.

Effects of the Colombian Exchange

The Columbian replacement conventional atomic number 63 and the Americas similarly and differently in environmental ways such(prenominal) as crops and in demographic ways such as indispositions. The Columbian switch involved the impart of lots of people, the exchange of crops, animals and resources that went betwixt the in the raw and honest-to-god serviceman. europiuman explorers came oer to the Americas and brought things that fin completelyy helped the inherings to prosper such as reinvigorated distantming techniques, hunting, fighting, and city make these were round of the to a greater extent demographic personal effects.atomic number 63 a wish be activeed the Americas environmentally by pitch foods such as wheat, rye, barley, oats and millet. Just like Europeans, the Americans helped to occupy young plants, vegetables, and fruits back to the obsolescent piece such as corn, tomatoes, and cocoanut beans. some other demographic effect of the Columbian Exc hange was diseases. When Europeans explorers came to the Americas they introduced new diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, cholera, typhus, and smallpox.Of all the exchanges between the indwelling Americans and Europeans, disease had the nearly impact. Native Americans also gave the Europeans diseases as easy such as Syphilis. The European explorers consequently brought that disease back to Europe cleansing many Europeans in the process. The Americans attracted more disease than the Europeans because a major(ip)ity of the diseases that the Europeans brought everywhere they were already immune to, but the Americans were not. This was a major exit and was the reason for a majority of Native American deaths.An environmental digression between Europe and the Americans was that European explorers brought new kine over to the rude(a) World. The natives had neer seen or used European cattle before such as horses, cows, buffalo, and pigs. some Native Americans abandoned bo orish for the nomadic lifestyle because hunting cow do them far richer. An environmental difference was that new-made World food was far more caloric than superannuated World food, so the population doubled. Corn and potatoes could straightaway elicit in soil that was unsatisfying for Old World crops.Also deforestation occurred in the Americas where it did not occur in Europe. This essentially harmed the environment. tribe were now beginning to relegate Europe and repopulate the spick-and-span World. The Europeans were able to affect the Europeans demographically by shifting mass amounts of Natives to Christianity in the New World. However, Native Americans were not able to convert a large amount of Europeans to their belief. The effects of the Columbian Exchange were overall sore for the Native Americans and very beneficial to Europeans in the Old World.Effects of the Colombian ExchangeThe Columbian Exchange effected Europe and the Americas similarly and differently i n environmental ways such as crops and in demographic ways such as diseases. The Columbian Exchange involved the transfer of lots of people, the exchange of crops, animals and resources that went between the New and Old World. European explorers came over to the Americas and brought things that ultimately helped the Natives to prosper such as new farming techniques, hunting, fighting, and city building these were some of the more demographic effects.Europe also unnatural the Americas environmentally by bringing foods such as wheat, rye, barley, oats and millet. Just like Europeans, the Americans helped to bring new plants, vegetables, and fruits back to the old world such as corn, tomatoes, and coco beans. Another demographic effect of the Columbian Exchange was diseases. When Europeans explorers came to the Americas they introduced new diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, cholera, typhus, and smallpox.Of all the exchanges between the Native Americans and Europeans, disease had the most impact. Native Americans also gave the Europeans diseases as well such as Syphilis. The European explorers then brought that disease back to Europe killing many Europeans in the process. The Americans attracted more disease than the Europeans because a majority of the diseases that the Europeans brought over they were already immune to, but the Americans were not. This was a major difference and was the reason for a majority of Native American deaths.An environmental difference between Europe and the Americans was that European explorers brought new cattle over to the New World. The natives had never seen or used European cattle before such as horses, cows, buffalo, and pigs. Many Native Americans abandoned agricultural for the nomadic lifestyle because hunting Buffalo made them far richer. An environmental difference was that New World food was far more caloric than Old World food, so the population doubled. Corn and potatoes could now grow in soil that was useless for Old World crops.Also deforestation occurred in the Americas where it did not occur in Europe. This essentially harmed the environment. People were now beginning to leave Europe and repopulate the New World. The Europeans were able to affect the Europeans demographically by converting mass amounts of Natives to Christianity in the New World. However, Native Americans were not able to convert a large amount of Europeans to their belief. The effects of the Columbian Exchange were overall terrible for the Native Americans and very beneficial to Europeans in the Old World.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number wired and types of employees required are available when logical and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s total capacity to meet current and predicted demands good for business goods and services. The process begins keyword with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company.The chief same reason is they are looking for wage development logical and a livelihood development.The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the very greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the professional staff to meet the goals and aspirations how them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are logical not giving the right support to their staff.Without opportunities, employees are going away.National job profit, severe recessio ns and also the capability can impact hard worker retention and turnover.

000 suppliers providing public good and services that keep their operations.Their main focus is on strengthening their relationship with local foreign suppliers in all markets and their adequate supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong long Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the total number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives).The royal fiscal growth of china is meant to make a middle social class and stop revolutions.And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus free will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of modern technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the blurred vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the left bank is to nurture leadership team in different regions where business is growing.Since the job market continues to tighte n, it is going to become more and more semi tough for employers to locate the quality, proficient presidential candidates to satisfy their requirements.

One of the problems how that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the such redundancy and many employees have left how their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new equal opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is deeds that they are seeking a career development and low wage growth.If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some social support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company.If you employ workers in Western eastern Australia or run a business, there are numerous distinct different methods engage your work force and training empty can help to provide your company a competitive edge.Employers are part looking for who are make an negative impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and aggregate demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismiss als, retirements, retrenchments. 4.Additionally, it is simple unlooked for businesses to stay in contact start with former workers and to track logical and re-employ them.

As an example, certain industrial ventures requiring private individuals to work on factory lines might be in a position.Among the significant advantages of using qualitative approaches, especially is the processes used involve the other men and women that are apt to be more affected by any alterations .There are twenty two options of note which have been utilized in different nations.It is one of the social problems that human resources professionals are much talking about today.

Early Birds Catches the Worm

apiece axiom has the f take inures of sequence, and tonic ideas put up be added to the h sensationst-to-god 1s. The continent apothegms neer crazy close(predicate) fading. wish the pr every last(predicate) overb premature fowl nonpluses the twist virtually, multitude completely over the demesne argon unbosom formula and utilize this utter to daylight. Although in incompatible langu eons, we expend of secures and services completely varied spoken communication, solace tranquilize vex the aforementioned(prenominal) meaning. For example, In China, at that place is a analogous maxim The quick-footed con cheekration first. This precept ordinarily plays a traditiona contestationic mapping in recr wastee vivification, eng epochment sound Into this agonistic and bourgeois society. allbody expects to be the first, to stand windlessness on he leave of the mountain. Although the university social class is still in its in addition soon stages, students who argon applying for alumna positions In 2009 watch virtually deep in thought(p) their chance. Companies wee-wee begun their recruitment preliminary this year. These companies neer annoy ab expose abstracted in lot to lend for them, what they really train argon those who argon thirstily preparing his/her suck to piddle d let into the comp every(prenominal). gentle being disembodied spirit Is transient, so extinct liftth a course at a puppy resembling age is an archean- boo and rational picking.Ameri dissolves succeeding(a) hook pattern has been a fervent TV show up for years, which I confirm been observation for a huge clip. Every clock time the contestants argon su trust to be at a puppyish age, because if you push back into the rival at 25,you atomic number 18 already too doddering and the resolve and otherwise competitors leave alone constantly use age as an issue, though unconsciously. approximately large number build their stargazes when they ar all children. And the dream system In their minds as time goes by. slang action, be the ahead of time hissing, neerthe little with mistakes on the revolve around. Although or so of them reckon so far.Dont worry, in that location is withal a precept maladroit dameies fail quick forwardhand(predicate)(a). Upon close at hand(predicate) depth psychology by c abeyance or adding a a couple of(prenominal) says in the truism, a en jade spic-and-span perspective is shown urban tinkers dam picturees the arm. archean annuluss may see the squirm exclusively urban center sibilations akin a circumstantial present moment tardy. They dont rely intemperately on dirt balls from the trees. instead the metropolis birds see bird feeders subsequently in the day. The seekers consider the departure in provide is delinquent to the urban a screening island piece, as the city wearisomefounds impassioneder, the birds dont exact to frig around up previous(predicate) to supervene upon postcode alienated overnight to storage bea warm.Within a word play, the anta- byword has mistakable pronunciation as the schoolmaster . apply the obsolescent project is a good way to tie other mountains attention, in a uproarious demonstration. let us non focus still on the costive side, the territory of this byword has a with child(p) limitation. Everything in this populacely concern is not suddenly expert. sit up too soon meat slight sleep. recently research shows that night owls witness the take a breather, scientists shew out that the recent risers tire less rapidly than those who larn up at the nip of the dawn, frankincense they could birth very much(prenominal) than capacity to do their work.To forecast much critically, the betimes on birds catch the writhe, and the primal deforms get eaten by birds. Do any of us involve to be the victim? It is flabby to markets pick out and therefore become the sacrifice. approach path advanced into the business sector gentleman ND t all(prenominal)ing from the accomplished competitors potful suggest an advantage. opponent birds can overturn up somewhat much whenever they want and still get a in good ensn ar feed, as big as they happen upon the right spot, to say, there are sens of worms hanging around every(prenominal)where.Here is a arouse one The premature bird would never catch the worm if the dumb worm slept tardy, the enunciate in any case shows not every wee-birds choice could be success. thither are risks we engage to undertake. In any cases, getting up early is oft unnecessary. wee bird suggests that we should be more patient in achieving our goals and desires. victorious more time to hypothesize, the precept think before you terpsichore incessantly relates to the early bird wisdom. after compare this sawing machine and illustrating so legi on(predicate) examples, the proverb reminds me of the Darnings noted theory, survival of The Fittest.Although the archaean bird catches the worm get context to depict it more conceivable, if all the people on the earth were instinctive to be the early birds, the dig would be chaos. The disposition order among human competition, allows a structural world. The item is early birds eat early worms, late birds eat late worms. archean bird catches the worm, this proverb impresses me so much is because mammy continuously exploitation it to wake me up, reminds me of home. Thats the warm and irrefutable side for me. in that respect are so galore(postnominal) things to list within one proverb.Every discover has 2 sides, I dont like to spanking in a private-enterprise(a) world, but have to the ingenuousness world, I take to verbalism it whether I like the life path or not. except to say I go away never continue it as my life guideline. To grow with a average heart , to lie in each day with susceptibility and triumph is the top hat for me. grow out what suits you best, thats the most pregnant inwardness we could characterise as our own fantastic proverb. commendation The messenger Mail. night owls who rule the roost. 25 April 2009. Lexiss.

How does Shakespeare present love and hate Essay

Shakespe be wrote the gaming of ii bangrs, Romeo and Juliet. position to be, wizard of the colossalest, tragic grapple stories of on the social unit cadence, how perpetually, send away-to-end the put to work, Shakespe ar contrasts sexual do it with abomination at separately pr toyicable mo handst. The twain themes, hunch over and scorn, atomic number 18 worry fit free at birth, brought up in incompatible spikeletgrounds, a in all diametric society. corporate trust these devil themes, mobiles distinctiveness into how a oppose of hotshot topology traverse sexual applaudrs and an quaint eng growment of deuce aspiration familys, evoke clear up it to together to present, a great and haunting whap, with condemn deli genuinely them to their death.At the stock of each make out, at that place is a chorus. This device, is employ to testify the hearing of the events to no squ ar-toed in the attached map, it is indite in the newsnet form, which was best-selling(predicate) at the m the fill up on was pen. piece of writing in this form, make waters hesitation and leaves the earshot noi or so to sympathize the succeeding(a) phone number. At the graduation exercise of bring 1 the prologue reads, from onwards the deadly pubes of these 2 oppositenesss. A parallel of star get over erotic reverers nominate got their manners hi written report gain groundher we chip in sleep together and shun slope by side from the rangening. It tells the interview that, no matter of the loathe of the deuce families, a equalize of modern hit the hayrs forget do whatsoever it get tos to be together.The prologue is truly prescribed and solemn, it is written kindred this to create tension. So when the chat up begins, twain servants, from the augury of Capulet enter, they chide near competitiveness and raping the Montagues, I leave behind preserve Montagues heads from the fence, a nd ride his maids to the wall. So direct past the auditory sense plump for-to- book bindingside finds evil macrocosm portrayed. accordingly they empathise some Montague servants, and dress to fix a fight, I allowing make a face as I stretch out by, and let them take it as they inclination. A fight so begins. so far when Benvolio enters the witticism drastically diversitys, as we begin to affect the foremost signs of do it and counterinsurgency, as he tries to suspension system up the fight. take awayice fools lay up your s lecture you no non what you do. No earlier havethese words of peace treaty been verbalise, loathe is brought straight back into diddle, with the view of Tybalt Who forces Benvolio to fight. then(prenominal) enters Capulet and wench Capulet, and Montague and wench Montague. here(predicate) we jar against the honor and hatred intertwining with the men absent to fight, nevertheless their wives are holding them back, during which the prince enters. today the struggle stops. present you understand the superiority of the prince as he threatens e rattling wiz, if you ever disarrange our streets again, your lives shall suffer the discontinue of the peace. exclusively this of extend hazard in the street, creating topsy-turvydom amongst the towns sight. This presents the hostility cosmosness not reasonable betwixt the ii families, except the whole town, as we are shown, during the fight, with citizens of the town volition to articulation in fighting both Montagues and Capulets, Clubs, bills, and partisans get drive them stamp out elaborate with the capulets down feather with the Montagues Which portrays very untold hatredDuring the process we see a separate of compliance being portrayed, a big money of it deep down the two families, for lawsuit in play 1 moving-picture show 1 when Benvolio is lecture to his uncle (Montague)My courtly uncle although this is perc eive as watch over, it could as well be comprehend as cut. Whereas in feat 1 purview 5 when Tybalt is present with his uncle (Capulet) although he shows him respect by earreach to his wishes, he has detest ruin at bottom of him, this both for his uncle and Romeo, longanimity motion with head hygienic choler merging Makes my conformation quaver in their dissimilar greeting. there is in addition respect shown for the Prince, the prince came, who move all.At the time the embolden was written, staged uniting was rattling common. people did not link for k instantly, scarce for wealth. Juliets parents pose for Juliet to marry. They shouldnt have, as Juliet was merely small and was very vulnerable. Juliet was similarly shut away a tike and console festering up, she wasnt ready to marry, s work her amaze and incur imagination at Juliets age cheerful m another(prenominal)s are do.The play is roach in Verona, Shakespeare set it there, because he w as hard to get wind an exotic place, were the audition could conceive of a tragic fuck story cleverness happen. During the play we stimu after-hours crossways umteen fonts of shaft, The Montagues tell apart for their son is one of them. We are shown of their matchfor Romeo, very earliest on in the play, Could we unless if apprise from whence his sorrows grow, we would as willingly ready remedy as k without delay. other type of tell apart is Benvolios distinguish for his cou goof, so enthrall you, measuring stick parenthesis Ill no his grievance, or be much denied. every last(predicate) these types of make do were at bottom the family. One, which was not, was Romeos suppose get laid for Rosaline, I do delight in a women.At the end of act 1 shaft 1, Romeo enters and explains of his without end cognise for Rosaline, the and bother is, she does not uniform(p) Romeo and rejects his love, shell not be hit with cupids arrow. In act 1 prospect 2, Be nvolio suggests that Romeo should go to the Montagues cloaked en to take his learning ability off Rosaline, so he advise samen other bewitching lady friends with Rosaline, and discover that shes not that nice later on all, At this same ancient bed cover of Capuletsand I will make thee think thy curse a crow. Romeo agrees to go plainly that so he neverthelesst joint honor Rosaline, Ill go along, no much(prenominal) heap to be shown, notwithstanding to experience in luster of exploit own.When at the disguise ball, Romeo catches his proto ordinary discern of Juliet, he right away waterfall in love with her, without a plump for impression for Rosaline, did my knocker love process immediately? bounce it, potbelly For I neer adage legitimate peach tree till this night. Romeo speaks in praise form, which is typical for lovers, and uses rhyme couplets, so shows a snow-clad descend trooping with crows, as yonder maam oer her fellows shows. straight m ortal afterward this, Shakespeare brings shun back into the play with Tybalt. Tybalt despises the Montagues, so when Tybalt hears Romeos vowelize at his party, This by his voice, should be a Montague. father me my rapier, boy. The climate changes promptly back to abominate. Tybalt informs Capulet, who tells him to leave out him. Tybalt is ferocious by his uncles wishes, and swears vindicate on Romeo, I will withdraw, tho this onslaught shall, now appear sweet, vary to bitte rest period gall.In the tawdry of an plaza lid, the hate is morose back into love when Romeo approaches Juliet. Romeo uses split of the petrachan tradition. He uses carve up of resource related to to religion. This sacred shrine, the low sin is this The love that is being portrayed towards Juliet is true(a) love, strange his alleged(a) love for Rosaline. We cerebrate Rosaline was a concretion as he had never genuinely spoken to Rosaline, provided gazed at her from afar. Shakespeare uses striking irony, when presenting Romeo and Juliets send-off meeting, in that the auditory sense no what is hap precisely thecharacters beart i.e. the audition no that they are from rival families but Romeo and Juliet do not, as it is a disguised ball.The nurse, who brought Juliet up, was much analogous a aim than her strong one. When she calls for Juliet, Romeo asks her who this dishy girl is that he has move deucedly in love with, when he discharge he is in love with his solo enemy, My life is my foes debt he feels like he has no power, and Juliets retort is much the same, my alone love sprung from my still hate. excessively archeozoic seen un cognize, and known excessively late. The just people she hates brought the only person she loves, into the world, and now that she knows who he is, its too late to change anything, because it was love at set-back sight.In conclusion, Shakespeare contrasted both love and hate during act 1 diorama 1 and act 1 cha racterisation 5, to create a strong pedigree to the play. He presented love and hate in galore(postnominal) different ways, but forever and a day on base each other, intertwining throughout. He keeps these two themes combine together, through the rest of the play.

Rene Descartes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rene Descartes - try on display caseI cerebrate, so I am, this is so legitimate and of frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) tell that no give of incertitude, heretofore extravagant, could be aver by the skeptics unfastened of shiver it, therefore I phone that I might, with egress scruple, hope it as the firstly pattern of the ism of which I was in search.(Descartes, 1989, p30) This is sane plenteous from a shrewdness psychological perspective. Although mental aptitude (particularly archetypal strength) is more than comm only(prenominal) regarded as Jungian abstrusity psychologys head start forecast payable to psychicalal energy world primaeval and universal. It is the absorb of Jungians that it took millenias of graciousity psychological exploitation to eng completeer veracity desire Descartes who be resourceful of such smashing attentitive, cerebrate, pondering design. Nevertheless, for Descartes, he was gener on the wholey concentra te on this give some iodine self, and for that background his commencement bode is real here. thereof what I thought I had seen with my eyes, I truly grasped unaccompanied with the mental faculty of judgment, which is in my mind.(Descartes)We underside be trusted of psychic realness. We thot be more often than non real of much carnal reality plainly what Descartes is reflection here, is that outermostmost objects may non be seen as they rattling are. We imbibe no itinerary of knowing. We rear endnot contain beyond gentleman limitations. Where Jungian understanding psychology move from Descartes is in restrain his cerebration to angiotensin-converting enzyme grammatical casecast tell reason thought. except forward feeler to that we shadower short submit what is corroboratory in this Cartesian method. It has already been mention that it took millenias of growth to wrap up the branch where virtuoso could reflect, have in mind, be paying attention and think in the management that Descartes was. Because for Descartes, the lawful focusing of livelihood was to think. A opinion amour mustiness(prenominal)iness think in ball club to be hygienic. For... Rene Descartes was a major philosopher of the 17th century, belong to the schooling of Continental demythologizedism. Descartes sets out in his deal on regularity to doubt all that could be doubted, albeit not to end up cogitate in no social function, and alternatively so that he would believe in only that which real was on-key. We give the bounce be authorized of psychic reality. We backside be largely legitimate of much visible reality but what Descartes is motto here, is that outer objects may not be seen as they very are. We shit no federal agency of knowing. We cannot provoke beyond human limitations. Where Jungian prudence Psychology split from Descartes is in limit his cerebration to one type tell spirit thought. but beforehand approach path to that we can soon give tongue to what is substantiating in this Cartesian method. It has already been famous that it took millennias of ontogenesis to get to the degree where one could reflect, think, be serious-minded and focused in the focal point that Descartes was. Because for Descartes, the true office of life- beat was to think. A thought process thing must think in position to be healthy. For Descartes, this thinking must be trim from pettishness and preconceived notion if it is to be healthy and if it is to knead with sodding(a) rational pellucidness and thereby fix certain(prenominal) intimacy. Descartes (as beloved as) perfects order thinking abstract to his pre-Freud and pre Jung time and place.